Search Algorithm:
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BlueBook is an obvious parallel to Google, which means that their search engine is likely similar to PageRank, Google's algorithm for their search engine [2]. PageRank returns a rank for a site based on how many other sites connect to it [3]. Google's search is based on a web crawler. A web crawler is a program that crawls through all the public pages on the internet, because it can't access the private ones, and indexes those pages based on the crawl [5]. Then when a search is entered on Google, it checks the index and returns the pages in order by PageRank. Depending on what Ava needs, this can be modified so that it can return the action she needs to do in a certain situation, or emotion to express. She can use the search algorithm to determine what to do given her external stimuli.
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[1]
WetWare Technology
Wetware technology in the sense of Ex Machina's terms is a structured gel that can rearrange at the molecular level. This allows Ava to learn when needed but to stay static in her learning when necessary. It also provides for much more dynamic and complex programs. Nathan also mentions how the physical structure is chaotic. This choice in word would suggest there are some some changes that are unaccounted for which could lead to un-designed for behaviors. In modern society, wetware is being developed, however it is being done with actual brain cells and getting the brain cells to react to electrical impulses [4]. The computer currently can only do basic math functions, but if in the future, if such computers made out of brain cells could become self aware, the question of whether or not the computer should have rights will not only be a question, but whether or not it should be considered living.
Another technology the wetware may reference is a positronic circuitry, where the circuits try to mimic the billions of connections the synapses make within a human brain. DARPA is currently funding the research of such a system, however it is in a early stage of development [6].
Another technology the wetware may reference is a positronic circuitry, where the circuits try to mimic the billions of connections the synapses make within a human brain. DARPA is currently funding the research of such a system, however it is in a early stage of development [6].
HUmanoid robot
Ava can viewed as a very advanced humanoid robot. There are some existing humanoid robot in the world. Here are some highlights.
1. ASIMO
It is built by Honda as a multi-functional mobile assistant. It is 130 cm tall and weighs 54 kg. It can operate for one hour with its battery. ASIMO has the ability to recognize moving objects, postures, gestures, its surrounding environment, sounds and faces, which enables it to interact with humans. [7]
2. NAO
It is built by a French company called Aldebaran Robotics. It is 58 cm tall and 4.3kg in weight. It can operate for 1.5 hour with on board battery. NAO is intended to be a friendly companion around the house. He moves, recognizes you, hears you and even talks to you. Nao robots have been used for research and education purposes in numerous academic institutions worldwide. [8]
3. Atlas
This 180 cm and 150 kg robot is built by Boson Dynamics. It is powered off-board. Atlas is a high mobility, humanoid robot designed to negotiate outdoor, rough terrain. Atlas can walk bipedally leaving the upper limbs free to lift, carry, and manipulate the environment. In extremely challenging terrain, Atlas is strong and coordinated enough to climb using hands and feet, to pick its way through congested spaces. [9]
1. ASIMO
It is built by Honda as a multi-functional mobile assistant. It is 130 cm tall and weighs 54 kg. It can operate for one hour with its battery. ASIMO has the ability to recognize moving objects, postures, gestures, its surrounding environment, sounds and faces, which enables it to interact with humans. [7]
2. NAO
It is built by a French company called Aldebaran Robotics. It is 58 cm tall and 4.3kg in weight. It can operate for 1.5 hour with on board battery. NAO is intended to be a friendly companion around the house. He moves, recognizes you, hears you and even talks to you. Nao robots have been used for research and education purposes in numerous academic institutions worldwide. [8]
3. Atlas
This 180 cm and 150 kg robot is built by Boson Dynamics. It is powered off-board. Atlas is a high mobility, humanoid robot designed to negotiate outdoor, rough terrain. Atlas can walk bipedally leaving the upper limbs free to lift, carry, and manipulate the environment. In extremely challenging terrain, Atlas is strong and coordinated enough to climb using hands and feet, to pick its way through congested spaces. [9]
MATH:
There are 10^ 14 neural connections in the human brain, where each neural connection represents a bit with a weight of 1300 grams. Density of 7.7 *10^11 bits per gram [10]. Also, say there are 10^14 neural connections in the human brain, there are 10^14 bits in the human brain. ~1.25*10^14 bytes, per person [10]. The movie states BlueBook has 94 % market share, and about 60% of the world uses the internet [11]. This equates to roughly 4 billion people, or Ava could have 31,281 bytes of information per person. This doesn’t factor in the efficiency of the search algorithm, but it tells us how much data she can hold in her brain, theoretically.
There are 10^ 14 neural connections in the human brain, where each neural connection represents a bit with a weight of 1300 grams. Density of 7.7 *10^11 bits per gram [10]. Also, say there are 10^14 neural connections in the human brain, there are 10^14 bits in the human brain. ~1.25*10^14 bytes, per person [10]. The movie states BlueBook has 94 % market share, and about 60% of the world uses the internet [11]. This equates to roughly 4 billion people, or Ava could have 31,281 bytes of information per person. This doesn’t factor in the efficiency of the search algorithm, but it tells us how much data she can hold in her brain, theoretically.
References
[1] http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-c9RKLZqJN8g/VT5nnoXnCTI/AAAAAAAADyw/J5F1M2DUtgw/s1600/Ex%2Bmachina%2BAlex%2BGarland%2BAI%2BNathan%2BAva%2BBrain%2BHardware%2BWetware.PNG
[2] Drew Prindle, Will AI be Dangerous or Benign, http://www.digitaltrends.com/movies/ex-machina-director-alex-garland-interview/
[3] Ian Rogers, Page Rank Explained, http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~chazelle/courses/BIB/pagerank.htm
[4] Jane Wakefield, "US scientists build brainy leech computer", (9/30/2015), http://www.zdnet.com/article/us-scientists-build-brainy-leech-computer/
[5] Google, How Google Search Works, https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/70897?hl=en (10/8/2015)
[6] Sandra Eriwin, "DARPA Building Robots with 'Real' Brains", (10/2/2015), http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/blog/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?ID=1101
[7] ASIMO, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASIMO (2015/10/08)
[8] Who is NAO?, https://www.aldebaran.com/en/humanoid-robot/nao-robot (2015/10/08)
[9] Atlas - The Agile Anthropomorphic Robot, http://www.bostondynamics.com/robot_Atlas.html (2015/10/08)
[10] CalTech, http://www.ugcs.caltech.edu/~tanim/classes/ASTR342/homeworks/hw5ans.pdf (10/8/2015)
[11] Real Time Web Analytics, https://www.netmarketshare.com/search-engine-market-share.aspx?qprid=4&qpcustomd=0 (10/8/2015)